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Ullikana
(Hawaiian)
This Hawaiian folktale from the times of colonisation depicts a group of horses brought to Hawaii from Europe praying to divine spirits to accept them into the afterlife. From a literary perspective, It shows elements of Marxist themes. at The start of the folktale shows us A power imbalance between the animals and humans. By the end of the story, the animals are shown that there is truly no supernatural reason for this class system and in the eyes of the gods the animals are viewed the same. One can also view this story through a feminist lens, as a tale of ullikana, a mere and the groups leader, empowering her community. Utilizing these theories for a more historical insight, one May assume the story is an allegory for colonialism, with the horses being the native people of Hawaii. One can also see that Hawaiian culture strongly centred around human connections with nature and the supernatural and that Hawaiian society was probably less gender restrictive that Europeans would have been at that time.
Choctaw creation myth
(southern United States)
Although some stories historical relevancy is conveyed subtly and shrouded in metaphor, others are much more to the point. The overall tone of the story is formal, direct and more in line with the tone a westernised historian would use. This folktale from the Choctaw first nations summarizes the bands quest for a land with sufficient natural resources in which to live and to bury their ancestors remains. the Story also details members splitting up to form the Chickasaw band further north. There are many biblical parallels between this legend and the story of Moses. The staff of Moses is used on the Israelites journey out of Egypt in a similar way to the magical pole the Choctaw did.
Waatji Pulyeri (the Blue Wren)
(Indigenous Australian)
This "Dreamtime" tale is generally about a flying contest between birds, how the Blue wren wins it through trickery, and why the Wren lives in the bushes forevermore. As well as being a lighthearted story, it emphasizes the cultural values of sportsmanship they had. Interestingly, the tale does not punish the other birds for the vanity and pride they display that sets this contest into motion. In Christian and Western ideology, modesty was (an to a certain extent continues to be) an incredibly valued trait, and in our more famous fairy tales, it would be the proud who would receive their comeuppance. The protagonist is this tale bares a strikingly similar personality to the Raven is many myths along the Northwest coast. Both the Wren and the Raven are childlike but cunning birds who usually outwit their friends, causing amusing chaos to follow.
(Hawaiian)
This Hawaiian folktale from the times of colonisation depicts a group of horses brought to Hawaii from Europe praying to divine spirits to accept them into the afterlife. From a literary perspective, It shows elements of Marxist themes. at The start of the folktale shows us A power imbalance between the animals and humans. By the end of the story, the animals are shown that there is truly no supernatural reason for this class system and in the eyes of the gods the animals are viewed the same. One can also view this story through a feminist lens, as a tale of ullikana, a mere and the groups leader, empowering her community. Utilizing these theories for a more historical insight, one May assume the story is an allegory for colonialism, with the horses being the native people of Hawaii. One can also see that Hawaiian culture strongly centred around human connections with nature and the supernatural and that Hawaiian society was probably less gender restrictive that Europeans would have been at that time.
Choctaw creation myth
(southern United States)
Although some stories historical relevancy is conveyed subtly and shrouded in metaphor, others are much more to the point. The overall tone of the story is formal, direct and more in line with the tone a westernised historian would use. This folktale from the Choctaw first nations summarizes the bands quest for a land with sufficient natural resources in which to live and to bury their ancestors remains. the Story also details members splitting up to form the Chickasaw band further north. There are many biblical parallels between this legend and the story of Moses. The staff of Moses is used on the Israelites journey out of Egypt in a similar way to the magical pole the Choctaw did.
Waatji Pulyeri (the Blue Wren)
(Indigenous Australian)
This "Dreamtime" tale is generally about a flying contest between birds, how the Blue wren wins it through trickery, and why the Wren lives in the bushes forevermore. As well as being a lighthearted story, it emphasizes the cultural values of sportsmanship they had. Interestingly, the tale does not punish the other birds for the vanity and pride they display that sets this contest into motion. In Christian and Western ideology, modesty was (an to a certain extent continues to be) an incredibly valued trait, and in our more famous fairy tales, it would be the proud who would receive their comeuppance. The protagonist is this tale bares a strikingly similar personality to the Raven is many myths along the Northwest coast. Both the Wren and the Raven are childlike but cunning birds who usually outwit their friends, causing amusing chaos to follow.